How to Choose Binoculars for Walking and Wildlife Watching

Whether you're watching birds in the garden, spotting wildlife on a countryside walk or studying distant landmarks while hiking, a good pair of binoculars can make your outdoor adventures more enjoyable.

However, choosing binoculars can be confusing. With specifications such as 8x25, 10x25 and 10x42, it's not always obvious what the numbers mean or which features are worth paying for.

This guide explains how binoculars work, what to look for when buying them and how to choose a suitable pair for walking, travelling and wildlife watching.

What Do the Numbers on Binoculars Mean?

Binoculars are normally described using two numbers, such as 8x25 or 10x42.

The first number indicates the magnification, while the second indicates the diameter of the objective lenses in millimetres.

Magnification

An 8x binocular makes a distant object appear approximately eight times closer than it would to the naked eye.

A 10x binocular provides ten times magnification.

Higher magnification makes distant objects appear larger, but it can also make the image harder to hold steady and usually reduces the field of view.

Objective Lens Diameter

The second number indicates the diameter of the front lenses.

For example, 8x25 binoculars have 25mm objective lenses, while 8x42 binoculars have 42mm objective lenses.

Larger objective lenses can collect more light, but they also tend to make binoculars bigger and heavier.

For walking and travelling, compact binoculars with smaller objective lenses can provide a useful balance between portability and optical performance.

Which Magnification Is Best?

For most recreational outdoor activities, 7x, 8x and 10x magnification are practical choices.

7x Magnification

Seven-times magnification provides a relatively steady image and can be particularly comfortable for general observation.

It is a useful option when you want to scan a landscape or observe wildlife without excessive magnification.

Lower magnification can also make handheld viewing easier.

8x Magnification

Eight-times magnification is a popular all-round choice for walking, birdwatching and general outdoor use.

It provides a useful level of detail while remaining relatively easy to hold steady.

For beginners, 8x binoculars are often an excellent starting point.

10x Magnification

Ten-times magnification brings distant subjects closer and can be useful for observing wildlife, landmarks and other features at greater distances.

However, hand movement becomes more noticeable, so the image may appear less steady than with 7x or 8x binoculars.

For general handheld use, 10x is often a sensible upper limit before image stability becomes a more significant consideration.

Are 8x or 10x Binoculars Better?

Neither is automatically better. The right choice depends on what you intend to observe and how you will use them.

• Choose 8x if you prefer a steadier image, comfortable viewing and general versatility.
• Choose 10x if you want more detail at a distance and are comfortable with a slightly narrower field of view and greater sensitivity to hand movement.

For casual walking and wildlife watching, 8x is a particularly practical option. For observing more distant subjects, 10x may be preferable.

Compact Binoculars Versus Full-Size Binoculars

One of the biggest decisions is whether to choose compact binoculars or a larger pair.

Compact Binoculars

Compact binoculars commonly use objective lenses around 20mm to 28mm in diameter.

Their main advantages include:

• Low weight.
• Small packed size.
• Easy storage in a jacket pocket or rucksack.
• Convenience when travelling.
• Less bulk to carry on longer walks.

The trade-off is that smaller lenses generally collect less light than larger alternatives, which can make viewing more difficult in dim conditions.

Best for: Day walks, hiking, travelling, sightseeing and casual wildlife watching.

Full-Size Binoculars

Full-size binoculars often use objective lenses around 40mm to 50mm.

They can offer advantages in low-light conditions, depending on their optical quality and construction.

However, they are generally heavier and bulkier than compact models.

Best for: Dedicated birdwatching, extended observation and situations where optical performance takes priority over portability.

What Is Field of View?

Field of view describes how much of the landscape you can see through binoculars at a particular distance.

It is commonly expressed in metres at 1,000 metres or as an angular measurement.

A wider field of view makes it easier to locate and follow moving subjects such as birds or animals.

Higher magnification often results in a narrower field of view, although the exact specification depends on the binocular design.

For woodland wildlife watching or observing moving subjects, a generous field of view can be particularly useful.

What Is Exit Pupil?

Exit pupil is the diameter of the light beam leaving the eyepiece.

You can calculate it by dividing the objective lens diameter by the magnification.

For example:

• 8x25: 25 ÷ 8 = approximately 3.1mm.
• 10x25: 25 ÷ 10 = 2.5mm.
• 8x42: 42 ÷ 8 = 5.25mm.

A larger exit pupil can make eye positioning more forgiving and may offer advantages in low-light conditions, provided the observer's pupils are sufficiently dilated.

However, exit pupil alone does not determine image brightness or quality. Lens coatings, glass quality and optical design also matter.

Why Do Lens Coatings Matter?

When light passes through optical lenses, some of it can be reflected rather than transmitted.

Anti-reflective coatings help reduce these losses and can improve image brightness, contrast and clarity.

Manufacturers may describe binoculars as coated, fully coated, multi-coated or fully multi-coated.

These terms indicate different levels of coating coverage, but they do not guarantee that one pair will outperform another.

Overall optical quality depends on several factors, including the lenses, prisms, coatings and manufacturing standards.

Roof Prism Versus Porro Prism Binoculars

Most conventional binoculars use one of two main prism arrangements.

Roof Prism Binoculars

Roof prism binoculars usually have relatively straight barrels and a streamlined shape.

They are commonly found in compact and modern outdoor designs.

Their shape can make them convenient to carry and store.

Porro Prism Binoculars

Porro prism binoculars typically have an offset barrel arrangement, giving them a more traditional appearance.

They can provide good optical performance, although the design is often bulkier.

Neither design is automatically superior. Build quality, optical components and intended use are more important than prism type alone.

Are Waterproof Binoculars Worth Buying?

For regular outdoor use in the UK, water resistance is an important consideration.

Rain, mist and damp conditions are common, particularly when walking in exposed countryside.

However, manufacturers use different terms to describe protection against moisture.

• Water-resistant: May tolerate limited moisture exposure, depending on the specification.
• Waterproof: Designed to resist water ingress to a stated level.
• Fog-proof: Often indicates that the internal optical chambers are sealed and filled with dry gas to help prevent internal condensation.

Always check the manufacturer's actual specifications rather than assuming every outdoor binocular is fully waterproof.

Even waterproof binoculars should be dried and cared for after exposure to rain.

What Is Eye Relief?

Eye relief is the distance between the eyepiece and your eye at which you can see the full field of view.

This is particularly important for people who wear glasses.

Binoculars with suitable eye relief and adjustable eyecups can make viewing more comfortable.

If you wear glasses, check the stated eye relief and, where possible, try the binoculars before buying.

What Is Close Focus?

Close focus describes the shortest distance at which binoculars can focus clearly.

It is particularly useful for observing nearby birds, butterflies and other wildlife.

For general landscape viewing, close focus may be less important.

If you intend to watch insects or wildlife at relatively short distances, compare the close-focus specifications of different models.

Binoculars or a Monocular: Which Is Better?

A monocular is a compact optical device designed for viewing with one eye.

It offers many of the same basic functions as binoculars but uses a single optical barrel.

Advantages of Monoculars

• Very compact and easy to carry.
• Often lighter than comparable binoculars.
• Convenient for occasional observations.
• Useful when space in your pack is limited.

Advantages of Binoculars

• Allow viewing with both eyes.
• Can feel more comfortable during prolonged observation.
• Provide binocular depth perception at suitable distances.
• Often easier to use when tracking moving subjects.

For regular wildlife watching, binoculars are usually the more comfortable choice.

For occasional use when keeping weight and bulk to a minimum is the priority, a monocular can be a practical alternative.

Choosing Binoculars for Different Outdoor Activities

Walking and Hiking

For walking and hiking, weight and packed size are particularly important.

Compact 8x or 10x binoculars can be a good choice because they are easy to carry without adding excessive bulk to your rucksack.

Consider how frequently you'll use them. If they are mainly for occasional views of distant landmarks, a compact model may be all you need.

Birdwatching

For birdwatching, field of view, image clarity, comfortable handling and close focus are important.

Eight-times magnification is a popular all-round option because it provides useful detail while making moving birds relatively easy to locate.

Dedicated birdwatchers may prefer larger objective lenses for improved performance in woodland or low-light conditions.

Wildlife Watching

For observing deer, birds and other animals across open countryside, 8x or 10x magnification can both be useful.

Choose according to the typical viewing distance and whether you prioritise a steadier image or greater magnification.

Travel and Sightseeing

Compact binoculars are particularly convenient for travel because they take up little luggage space.

They can be useful for viewing distant buildings, scenery, wildlife and sporting events.

A lightweight 8x model is a sensible all-round choice for many travellers.

Choosing from the Sub Zero Binoculars Range

At Sub Zero, our binoculars collection focuses on compact optical equipment suitable for walking, travelling and general outdoor observation.

Options include:

• Silva Pocket Monocular 7X: A compact single-eye viewing option for carrying when space is limited.
• Whitby Gear Compact Pocket Binoculars 8x: An 8x option for general outdoor observation.
• Silva Pocket Binoculars 10X: A compact option offering greater magnification.
• Whitby Gear Compact Binoculars 10 x 25mm: A compact 10x25 configuration for viewing more distant subjects.

Compare the individual product specifications, particularly weight, dimensions, field of view and weather resistance, before choosing.

Explore the Sub Zero binoculars and monoculars collection to see the available options.

How to Look After Your Binoculars

With proper care, a good pair of binoculars can provide many years of reliable service.

• Use the supplied lens caps when the binoculars are not in use.
• Remove loose dust or grit with a suitable lens brush or blower before wiping the lenses.
• Use an appropriate optical lens cloth and cleaner where required.
• Avoid touching the lens surfaces with your fingers.
• Dry the exterior after exposure to rain or moisture.
• Store binoculars in a clean, dry protective case.
• Avoid leaving them in excessive heat or direct sunlight for extended periods.
• Do not attempt to dismantle sealed optical components.

If binoculars become damaged or the internal lenses appear fogged, consult the manufacturer's guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions About Binoculars

Are 10x Binoculars Better Than 8x?

Not necessarily. Ten-times magnification makes distant objects appear larger, but eight-times magnification generally provides steadier handheld viewing and often a wider field of view.

Are Compact Binoculars Good for Birdwatching?

Yes. Compact binoculars can be excellent for casual birdwatching, particularly during daylight.

However, larger binoculars may offer advantages in poor light and during extended observation.

What Does 10x25 Mean?

It means the binoculars provide ten-times magnification and have objective lenses measuring 25mm in diameter.

Can You Use Binoculars in the Rain?

That depends on their water-resistance rating.

Some binoculars are designed to withstand wet conditions, while others require greater protection from moisture.

Always check the manufacturer's specifications.

Are Monoculars as Good as Binoculars?

Monoculars are useful when portability is the main priority, but binoculars generally provide more comfortable two-eye viewing for extended observation.

Final Advice on Choosing Binoculars

For most walkers, travellers and casual wildlife watchers, compact 8x or 10x binoculars provide a useful balance between magnification, portability and ease of use.

Eight-times magnification is often the best all-round choice for beginners, while ten-times magnification can be useful when observing more distant subjects.

Before buying, consider how you intend to use your binoculars, how much weight you're prepared to carry and whether you need additional features such as waterproof construction or longer eye relief.

Browse our compact binoculars and monoculars or visit our Outdoor Navigation Equipment department for more outdoor essentials.